Yes, you can enable USB host on this board, but there is no support for usb host in STM32duino, so you'll have to do everything by yourself (interface initialization, device recognition, etc).
USB needs only 4 pins: 5V, GND, DP, DM, so just 2 pins from MCU.
If you want to use it in OTG mode (host/guest) you'll need a 3rd pin from MCU to switch modes.