Arduino for STM32

Thanks all.
I tested more.

First I tested digitalWriteFast and digitalToggleFast.
For this case digitalWriteFast is faster than digitalToggleFast.
digitalWriteFast is finish toggle on 26ns.
I think this is same speed as direct access register.

I also tested 1.7.0. but I couldn't run O3+LTO option ...

Thanks for reply.
Seems like LTO is too advanced. I'll disable LTO for my project.


using the Arduino API
digitalWrite();
is likely slower than accessing registers directly, this in part as it is made up of function calls and that codes run from flash with all the stack ops etc it would take ...

Thanks for reply.


do LTO refer to this?
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/LTO.html


Yes, that LTO. Sorry for confuse.

LTO.png

I'm using ArduinoIDE and I select it from Tools -> Optimize menu.
The menu have -Os, -O1, -O2, -O3, -g and "with LTO" version of all of it.

My code works with ...

I'm trying to measure how first the STM32 compare to AVR based arduino.
But my code doesn't work with LTO enabled compile.
Is there any well known problem for LTO?

First, I wrote this code for Arduino.

void setup() {
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
while(1) {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH ...

I'm using Arduino and raw AVR now, but I'm thinking stm32 is better choice for both speed and cost.
So, I'm planning to switch to stm32.

I think next project is measure how first the STM32 compare to AVR.

I'm interesting to create instruments by microprocessor.

Here is my past projects (Sorry it ...