Arduino for STM32

I wonder which type of eeprom do you use, is it the same device with two addresses? It is not common...
Have you tried to access the 0x50 address?

The smaller value the pull-up resistor the better, so leave it 3.3k or 2.7k.
But I do not think that this really matters as long as the scanner finds it ...

For slow mode you just leave I2C_FAST_MODE away: Be sure that you connect to PB10/11 pins.

Have you tried to run the I2C scanner with the second I2C port?
Does it recognize your EEPROM? On which address?

You could eventually try to re-solder the USB pins, it may help.

To use the second I2C port you can use following lines as shown in
https://github.com/rogerclarkmelbourne/Arduino_STM32/blob/098a98c30e01eeb3f1cf9e9589a74a9263251e7c/STM32F1/libraries/Wire/examples/i2c_scanner_wire/i2c_scanner_wire.ino#L29-L31 (remove comment from the beginning of the lines).

For ...

Please insert to line 124 of

C:\Users\Umer\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\stm32duino\hardware\STM32F1\2021.3.18\libraries\Wire/utility/WireBase.h

the following line: and try again.

As I said, always leave the jumpers on default positions "0" (GND) .

It is known that USB3 ports do have problems with the board, so better use USB2 only.
Flash this BIN file with STLink, or better with STM32CubeProgrammer. If you use/install the latest, it will also install the serial drivers ...

You don't need to change BOOT0, leave the jumper all the time on 0, and flash the bootloader again.
Which PID is shown on the working laptop?
The 0003 is the PID for the DFU mode, and 0004 for CDC serial.

viewtopic.php?f=2&t=301
Which core? Which OS?

Here, in general, only Arduino IDE is supported, as the forum title indicates.
For other IDEs you are on your own. Eventually you may find some answers in the IDE section of the forum.

viewtopic.php?f=2&t=301

Which OS?
You need to install STM32CubeProgrammer.