In the days of the old stm32duino.com forum, I did this, but then the IDE settings were different, and I used the Mac platform.
I used a usb-serial module purchased from AliExpress and connected according to this scheme.

In this case, "Upload method" was set as "Serial".
Now the list of programmers for stm32 is empty and I don't really understand what settings need to be set.
And there is no upload method serial.
In addition, as far as I remember, the download was carried out using the stm32flash utility.
I installed it using the apt system, but now it needs to be described somehow in the IDE.
I would be grateful for help and hints.
Ogogon.